Suchergebnisse

Prevalence and migration of pharmaceutical substances in the aquatic cycles are among the most negotiable and environmentally relevant problems all over the world. On August 12, 2013 Directive 2013/39/EU of the European Parliament and Council was adopted; that Directive being the first document to contain pharmaceutical substances (diclofenac (DCF), 17-β-estradiol (E2) and 17-α-ethinylestradiol (EE2)) included in the Monitoring list. According to the right-down research it is believed that the mentioned substances can cause a harmful effect on the biota and the natural environment.To predict and to control the penetration of pharmaceutical substances into the environment, as well as to reduce their escape into it, the sources of their formation, their consumers, and the ways of their penetration into the environment are to be analyzed, their ability to change and to accumulate in the environment should be realized.To achieve this objective the legal basis applicable to the pharmaceutical substances (DCF, E2 and EE2) is analyzed in this paper, the volumes of Lithuanian sales of pharmaceutical substances (DCF, E2 and EE2) are determined, and the tendencies of sales alterations are discussed. The research done in this field is reviewed through the analyses and evaluation of the toxicological significance of these substances in the environment, through flows and sources of their penetration into the natural environment, the materials decomposition in the aquatic environment, and through the global experience in removal of pharmaceutical substances from wastewater and wastewater disposal in Lithuania.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.68.2.7378

Lithuania is one of the countries that have ratified the Marpol 73/78 Convention which foresees the tools of reduction and prevention of sea pollution with bilge water and other substances. The Directive of the European Parliament and Council 2000/59/EB is addressed to the reduction of waste on board of ships and its wash overboard. Analysis of the ships entering Klaipėda Sea Port has estimated that oil waste comprises about 74 % of the whole collected waste amount. The analysis of technological flows and documents has indicated problematic points in the following processes: 1. collection of oily and engine bilge water from ships; 2. collection of spilled overboard oil products; 3. exploitation of intermediate accumulative reservoirs in the port; 4. regular transportation of accumulated oily water engine bilge water to the oil-polluted water treatment station; 5. distribution, storage, treatment (mechanical, physical, sorption) of pumped engine bilge water. [.]

Lithuania is one of the countries that have ratified the Marpol 73/78 Convention which foresees the tools of reduction and prevention of sea pollution with bilge water and other substances. The Directive of the European Parliament and Council 2000/59/EB is addressed to the reduction of waste on board of ships and its wash overboard. Analysis of the ships entering Klaipėda Sea Port has estimated that oil waste comprises about 74 % of the whole collected waste amount. The analysis of technological flows and documents has indicated problematic points in the following processes: 1. collection of oily and engine bilge water from ships; 2. collection of spilled overboard oil products; 3. exploitation of intermediate accumulative reservoirs in the port; 4. regular transportation of accumulated oily water engine bilge water to the oil-polluted water treatment station; 5. distribution, storage, treatment (mechanical, physical, sorption) of pumped engine bilge water. [.]

Lithuania is one of the countries that have ratified the Marpol 73/78 Convention which foresees the tools of reduction and prevention of sea pollution with bilge water and other substances. The Directive of the European Parliament and Council 2000/59/EB is addressed to the reduction of waste on board of ships and its wash overboard. Analysis of the ships entering Klaipėda Sea Port has estimated that oil waste comprises about 74 % of the whole collected waste amount. The analysis of technological flows and documents has indicated problematic points in the following processes: 1. collection of oily and engine bilge water from ships; 2. collection of spilled overboard oil products; 3. exploitation of intermediate accumulative reservoirs in the port; 4. regular transportation of accumulated oily water engine bilge water to the oil-polluted water treatment station; 5. distribution, storage, treatment (mechanical, physical, sorption) of pumped engine bilge water. [.]

Lithuania is one of the countries that have ratified the Marpol 73/78 Convention which foresees the tools of reduction and prevention of sea pollution with bilge water and other substances. The Directive of the European Parliament and Council 2000/59/EB is addressed to the reduction of waste on board of ships and its wash overboard. Analysis of the ships entering Klaipėda Sea Port has estimated that oil waste comprises about 74 % of the whole collected waste amount. The analysis of technological flows and documents has indicated problematic points in the following processes: 1. collection of oily and engine bilge water from ships; 2. collection of spilled overboard oil products; 3. exploitation of intermediate accumulative reservoirs in the port; 4. regular transportation of accumulated oily water engine bilge water to the oil-polluted water treatment station; 5. distribution, storage, treatment (mechanical, physical, sorption) of pumped engine bilge water. [.]

Lithuania is one of the countries that have ratified the Marpol 73/78 Convention which foresees the tools of reduction and prevention of sea pollution with bilge water and other substances. The Directive of the European Parliament and Council 2000/59/EB is addressed to the reduction of waste on board of ships and its wash overboard. Analysis of the ships entering Klaipėda Sea Port has estimated that oil waste comprises about 74 % of the whole collected waste amount. The analysis of technological flows and documents has indicated problematic points in the following processes: 1. collection of oily and engine bilge water from ships; 2. collection of spilled overboard oil products; 3. exploitation of intermediate accumulative reservoirs in the port; 4. regular transportation of accumulated oily water engine bilge water to the oil-polluted water treatment station; 5. distribution, storage, treatment (mechanical, physical, sorption) of pumped engine bilge water. [.]

Lithuania is one of the countries that have ratified the Marpol 73/78 Convention which foresees the tools of reduction and prevention of sea pollution with bilge water and other substances. The Directive of the European Parliament and Council 2000/59/EB is addressed to the reduction of waste on board of ships and its wash overboard. Analysis of the ships entering Klaipėda Sea Port has estimated that oil waste comprises about 74 % of the whole collected waste amount. The analysis of technological flows and documents has indicated problematic points in the following processes: 1. collection of oily and engine bilge water from ships; 2. collection of spilled overboard oil products; 3. exploitation of intermediate accumulative reservoirs in the port; 4. regular transportation of accumulated oily water engine bilge water to the oil-polluted water treatment station; 5. distribution, storage, treatment (mechanical, physical, sorption) of pumped engine bilge water. [.]

Lithuania is one of the countries that have ratified the Marpol 73/78 Convention which foresees the tools of reduction and prevention of sea pollution with bilge water and other substances. The Directive of the European Parliament and Council 2000/59/EB is addressed to the reduction of waste on board of ships and its wash overboard.Analysis of the ships entering Klaipėda Sea Port has estimated that oil waste comprises about 74 % of the whole collected waste amount. The analysis of technological flows and documents has indicated problematic points in the following processes:1. collection of oily and engine bilge water from ships;2. collection of spilled overboard oil products;3. exploitation of intermediate accumulative reservoirs in the port;4. regular transportation of accumulated oily water engine bilge water to the oil-polluted water treatment station;5. distribution, storage, treatment (mechanical, physical, sorption) of pumped engine bilge water.Among oil polluted waste, its specific kind - oily water emerges in ports and it is called "engine bilge water" in the Waste Management Regulations. Engine bilge water is specific and hazardous to the environment as it is a liquid compound of water and oil products capable of making steady emulsions. It also acquires specific properties during various technological processes. Equipment, technological processes, specificity of the control related to combustibility and inflammability, as well as conformity to the requirements of the International and EU Rights, technological processes management and documents are needed for the management of this specific waste. For this reason, separation of this oily water from the common oil-polluted waste and analysis of these streams of waste treatment are of great importance in enhancement of the effectiveness of environmental protection during the management process of this oily waste.Applying a system approach to the oily waste in the port, a waste management system algorithm based on the life cycle has been set up. The system ...